Ch_12-Nervous+Tissue

Input your Wiki Questions here! 1: When rain falls and hits you on the skin these receptor send a message to your brain. Then your brain processes the message and sends action to your muscles. Through what order is the functions. A. Motor function, sensory function, and integrative function B. Integrative function, sensory function, and motor function C. Sensory function, integrative function, and motor function D. Motor function, integrative function, and sensory function E. Integrative function, motor function, and sensory function

2: There are three types of neurons classification. Which one is found in the retina of the eye and in the inner ear. A. Multipolar neurons B. Bipolar neurons C. Unipolar neurons

3: In the brain or spinal cord you have white and gray matter. The matter that is compose of myelinated axons is what color. A. White B. Gray

4. In a deep sleep, or dreaming, this(these) plays a role in awakening. A. Ionotropic receptors B. Exicitatory postsynaptic potential C. Norepinepherine D. Presynaptic neuron

5. True/False. There is no chance of regaining nerve function if you injur an axon in your arm. A. True B. False

6. The neurotransmitter glycine is a ligand stimulus. When released into the synaptic cleft, it opens Cl- channels allowing the passage of these ions into the cell. If this changes the membrane potential to -80mV, then what type of potential was produced? A) Depolarizing action potential B) Hyperpolarizing action potential C) Depolarizing graded potential D) Hyperpolarizing graded potential E) Threshold potential

7. A neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to a receptor. In doing so, the receptor activates a G protein which in turn opens a K+ channel. As a result, an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is produced. What kind of receptor site must this be? A) Ionotropic acetylcholine receptor B) Ionotropic GABA receptor C) Metabotropic acetylcholine receptor D) Metabotropic GABA receptor E) Ionotropic arginine receptor

8. //Viagra// is a drug that alleviates erectile dysfunction by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter that causes vasodilation allowing greater blood flow into the penis. The neurotransmitter was discovered in 1987 and is synthesized from the amino acid arginine. What is the neurotransmitter? A) ATP B) Nitrous oxide C) Nitric oxide D) Endorphin E) Serotonin

9. In the (ENS) which neurons are present? A. Motor neurons B. Enterior neurons C. Somatic neurons D. All of the above E. A and B

10. Leakage channels function in which way? A. Open exteriorally and inferiorally B. Do not function at all C. Open and close randomally E. None of the above

11. When a stimulus depolarizes the membrane is generated at an AP of? A. (-55mV) B. (+100mV) C. (-4.46mV) D. -40 E. 0

12. When the repolarizing phase begins the sodium ions ( Na+) channel in activiation gates close and potassium ions(K+) channels open. A. True B. False

13. What is the major reason reason why the resting membrane potential is the unequal ditribution of various ions in extracellular fluid and cytosol? A. membrane potentials are never unequal B. unequal distribution of ions in EFC and cytosol C. an overflow of extracellular fluid D. Inability of most anions to the cell. E. a,b,c

14. Cl‾ channels open and a large number of chloride ions diffuse inward. Cl‾ ions cause the inside of the postsynaptic cell to become more negative. This can be described as A. Hyperpolarized B. Depolarized C. Repolarized D. Resting membrane potential

15. The speed of an action potential is affected by the amount of myelination, axon diameter, and temperature. A. True B. False

16. //Renshaw cells// in the spinal cord normally release the neurotransmitter glycine at inhibitory synapses with somatic motor neurons. This inhibitory input prevents excessive contraction of skeletal muscles. The delicate balance between excitation and inhibition in the CNS can be disturbed by a substance that binds to and blocks glycine receptors causing motor neurons to generate nerve impulses without restraint. The result can be suffocation as the diaphragm cannot relax. Which of the following substances is capable of this effect? A) Acetylcholine B) GABA C) Catecholamines D) Strychnine E) Sildenafil

17. A patient that experiences depression when day length is shorter is most likely to... A). be imagining the depression  B). have dysthymia C). have major depression D). have seasonal affective disorder E). need less sleep

18. What would most likely NOT be a cause of depression? A). an imbalance of neurotransmitters B). heredity C). stress D). none of the above E). all of the above

19. Which of the following is an example of how neurotransmitters may be modified? A). neurotransmitter removal can be stimulated or inhibited B). neurotransmitter release can be enhanced or blocked C). neurotransmitter synthesis can be stimulated or inhibited D). neurotransmitter receptors can be activated or blocked E). all of the above

20. (__BLANK__) communicate with one another using graded potentials, which are used for short-distance communication only, and __(BLANK),__ which allow communication over long distances within the body. A) Action Potentials; Neurons B) Neurons; Graded Potentials C) Graded Potentials; Neurons D) Neurons; Action Potentials

21. Which of the following is **NOT** a way a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Enzymatic degradation D) Uptake by neurons and neuroglia

22. If several presynaptic end bulbs release their neurotransmitter at about the same time, the combined effect may generate a nerve impulse, due to what? A) Summation B) Chemical synaptic transmission C)Regeneration D) None of the above

23. Na+/K+ pump moves 3 K+ in and 2 Na+ out of the cell. A) True B) False

24. As Na+ enters the cell, happens, creating a current. A) hyperpolarization B) depolarization C) concentration D) vibration

25. Generation of an AP uses ATP to function A) True B) False

26. IPSP's result from channels and. A) Na+ and Cl-/ depolarize B) Na+ and K+/ hyperpolarize C) K+ and Cl-/ depolarize D) K+ and Cl-/hyperpolarize

27. When you sit on a pin, summation occurs. A) Spatial B) Temporal C) Integration D) GABA

28. Astrocytes secrete chemicals that promote the formation of cell junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries producing what is  called the blood-brain barrier. What specific type of cell junctions are formed by these CNS neuroglial cells? A) Gap junctions B) Tight junctions C) Adherens junctions D) Desmosomes E) Hemidesmosomes

29. Which Neuroglial cell is not in the CNS? A. astrocytes B. Microglial C. schwann cells D. ependymal E. oligodendrocytes

30. Axons and dendrites may be repaired only if schwann cells remain active and form a tube and scarrtissue form too rapidly. A. true B. false

31. Cardiac = Heart : Nuclei = __.__? A. tract B. nerve C. ganglia D. axon

32. Which disease causes destruction of the meylin sheath and scaring? a. Epilepsy b. Multiple Sclerosis c.Guillain Barre Syndrome d.Meyliosis



33. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a lethal neurotoxin which effectively blocks action potentials by inserting itself into the voltage-gated Na+ channels so they cannot open. It is usually found in the viscera of ? a. Raw meat b. Certain Vegetables c. Japanese pufferfish d. Spiders



34. A stimulus in the brain causes a graded potential to form in the dendrites and cell body of a/an a. membane potential b. lower motor neuron c.upper motor neuron d. current

35. True/False The excitable characteristics of nervous tissue does not allows for the generation of nerve impulses that provide communicat//on with an regulation of most body tissues.// //36. Togethr the nervous tissue and the endocrine system share responsibiliy of maintaing// //a. homeostasis// //b. action potentials// //c. life// //d. body tissues//

37. What lines ventricles of the brain and central canal of thr spinal cord?

(A) oligodendrocytes (B) microglia (C) ependymal cells (D) none of the above

38. What surronds the soma and regulates exchange between neuron and interstitial fluid?

(A) astrocytes (B) schwann cell (C) myelination (D) satellite cells

39. T/F. The outer, nucleated cytoplasmic layer of the schwann cell enclosing the myelin sheath is the neurolemma.

40. Primarily myelinated axons are considered to be what?

(A) nissl bodies (B) white matter (C) gray matter (D) all the above

41. T/F. Ligand-gated channels allow the passive movement of ions in or out of the cell RMP.

42. .Satellite cells are flat cells tha surronds the cell bodies of neurons of PNS nuclei. Besides providing structural support, satellite cells regulates the exchanges of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fuild. A.TRUE B.FALSE

43. The synthesis of mitochondria and vescicles of neurotransmitters can occur either in the soma or in the Nissl bodies. A.TRUE B.FALSE

44 Perception is the conscious awareness of sensory stimuli. It is processed as a function of which part of the nervous system? A. Sensory B. Integrative C. Motor D. Afferent E. Efferent

45. Coming from the cell body which following order is correct? A. Axon hillock, trigger zone, initial segment B. Cell body, axolemma, synaptic end bulb, initial segment C. Trigger zone, axon hillock, initial segment D. Cytoplasma, main axon, initial segment E. Hillock axon, initial segment, synaptic end bulbs.

46. All axons end in synaptic end bulbs, which contain neurotransmitters. True OR False A. False B. True

47. How do herpes and rabies enter the central nervous system and get in fast axonal flow? A. Exocytosis B. Passive transport C. Endocytosis D. Diffusion E. Phagocytosis

48. During the relative refractory period the following situation exists? A. Sodium active gate closed, sodium inactive gate opened, potassium gate opened. B. Sodium inactive gate closed, sodium active opened, potassium gate opened C. Sodium active gate opened, sodium inactive gate opened, potassium gate opened. D. Sodium active gate closed, sodium inactive gate closed, potassium gate closed. 49. ALL ARE FACTORS THAT CAN AFFECT THE SPEED OF PROPAGATION EXCEPT: A. AMOUNT OF MYELINATION B. AXON DIAMETER C. TEMPERATURE D. CONDUCTION

50. IS THE MOST COMMON POWERFUL EXCITATORY TRANSMITTER IN HUMANS? A. GLUTAMATE B. ASPARTATE C. GABA D. GLYCINE

(51.) Nerve Fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called___fibers.__ __** a. Bipolar **__ __** b.Unipolar **__ __** c. Grey **__ __** D.White **__ __** e. Multipolar **__

__** (52.) What are the two neurotransmitters that may be released at the axon terminals of autonomic neurons? **__ __** a. Norepinephrine **__ __** b. Interneueron **__ __** c. acetylcholine **__ __** d. B and C **__ __** e. A and D **__ __ ** (53.) ** **Supplies motor movement to muscles of neck and shoulders and receives messages from these areas. Phrenic nerve is part of this group and stimulates the diaphragm ****: ** __ __ **a.Sacral Plexus ** __ __ **b.Brachial plexus ** __ __ **c.Lumbar plexus ** __ __ **d.Cervical Plexus ** __ __ **e. None of the above ** __ __ **(54.) ** **Supplies motor movement to buttocks, anterior leg, and thighs and receives messages from these areas. Femoral nerve is part of this group and stimulates the hip and leg. ** __ __ **a. Brachial Plexus ** __ __ **b.Sacral Plexus ** __ __ **c.Cervical Plexus ** __ __ **d.Lumbar Plexus ** __ __ **e. B and C ** __ __ **(55..) Which of the following causes events causes neurotransmitters to be released from Synaptic knobs? ** __ __ **a. Increased axonplasmic flow ** __ __ **<span style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 160%;">b.Movement of neurofilaments ** __ __ **<span style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 160%;">c.Action potential boutons ** __ __ **<span style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 160%;">d.Termianl boutons ** __ __ **<span style="color: #444444; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 160%;">e.Signal from cell nucleus ** __ __56. What are the four glial types in the central nervous system?__ __a. astrocytes, schwann, adipose, and satellite cells__ __b. astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal__ __c. schwann, satelliete, white matter, and gray matter__ __d. epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium, and astrocytes__ __e. continous conduction, white matter, gray matter, and astrocytes__ __57. Out of the four types of ion channels, which channel(s) is "always open"?__ __a. leakage__ __b.leakage and volgate gated__ __c. mechanically gated__ __d. ligand gated__ __e. all channels are always open__ __58. When comparing and contrasting graded and action potentials, which one's amplitude is constant?__ __a. graded potential__ __b. action potential__ __c. both graded and action potential__ __d. neither one__ __e. it is not possible to be constant__ __59. What are the different types of memories and list them in order from shortest time perios frame to the longest.__ __a. short term, long term, and immediate__ __b. short term and long term__ __c. immediate, short term, and long term__ __d. long term, immediate, and short term__ __e. short term, long term, and immediate__

__60. Which cell of the CNS is most closely related to the Schwann cell of the PNS in terms of function?__ __ a. Ependymal Cell __ __ b. Satellite Cell __ __ c. Microglia __ __ d. Oligodendrocyte __

__ 61. What process begins specifically between the axon hillock and the initial segment of the Neuron? __ __ a. graded potential __ __ b. action potential __ __ c. hyperpolarization __ __ d. depolarization __

__ 62. Depolarization of an axon will be caused by: __ __ a. many sodium ions rushing into the axon __ __ b. many potassium ions leaving the axon __ __ c. many chlorine ions rushing into the axon __ __ d. many negatively charged proteins rushing into the axon __

__ 63. Which is an excitatory neurotransmitter? __ __ a. Glutamate __ __ b. Glycine __ __ c. GABA __ __ d. Seratonin __

__ 64. Mr. Leblanc has high blood pressure and is taking medication. He recently went to the doctor and was diagnosed with ED (erectile dysfunction). Why won’t his physician prescribe the popular Viagra? __ __ a. Viagra enhances the effects of nitric oxide, which will lower the patient’s blood pressure even further. __ __ b. Viagra contains acetylcholine, which will increase the effects of his high blood pressure medication. __ __ c. Viagra acts as a vasoconstrictor and will increase the patient’s blood pressure. __ __ d. None of the above __ __ 65. What is the membrane potential at threshold and what phase is this? __ __ a. -70; repolarization __ __ b. +30; depolarization __ __ c. -90; hyperpolarization __ __ d. -55; depolarization __ __ 66. Shalina is going to the grocery store. She makes it to the car and forgets her wallet in the house. After getting the wallet and driving to the store, she realizes she has forgotten the grocery list. She tries to recall what she wrote down, but her mind draws a blank. She seems to be having trouble with her short-term memory. Which neural circuit controls short-term memory? __ __ a. converging circuit __ __ b. reverberating circuit __ __ c. diverging circuit __ __d. circuit city__

__ 67. In myelography, x-rays of the spinal cord are taken after a radiopaque dye is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid via a spinal tap. The cerebrospinal fluid flows through what channel? __ __ a. Atlas of vertebrae __ __ b. Axolemma __ __ c. Subarachnoid space __ __ d. Nissl bodies __

__68. Neuropathy is a term for damage to [|nerves] of the [|nervous system]. Symptoms include muscle weakness, sensation of wearing an invisible "glove" or "sock", and reduced ability to perspire. __ __ a. Cranial __ __ b. Parietal __ __ c. Central __ __ d. Peripheral __ __69. Neuropathies to the digestive system most commonly cause constipation. Damage can also cause the stomach to empty too slowly, a condition called gastroparesis. The nerves associated with this system are? __ __ a. Nissl bodies __ __ b. Enteric plexus __ __ c. Interneuron __ __ d. Efferent neuron __ __70. Very low levels of Dopamine in the motor areas of the brain are known to produce Parkinson’s Disease with symptoms such as muscle rigity, stooped posture, and loss of balance and coordination. What is the role of dopamine in this disease? __ __ a. Transmitter __ __ b. Interneuron __ __ c. Nuclei __ __ d. Neurofilaments __ __71. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is a genetic defect that affects the nerve impulses. The impulses either travel more slowly or carry a weaker signal. What factors may cause the change in speed? __ __ a. Amount of myelination __ __ b. Axon diameter __ __ c. Temperature __ __ d. All of the above __

__72. What is the letter G pointing to?__ __A.Schwann Cell(s)__ __B.Node of Ranvier(s)__ __C. Axon Terminal(s)__ __D.Synaptic End Bulb(s)__ __E.Axon(s)__

__73. What is the letter F pointing to?__

__ A.Schwann Cell(s) __ __ B.Node of Ranvier(s) __ __ C. Axon Terminal(s) __ __ D.Synaptic End Bulb(s) __ __ E.Axon(s) __

__ 74. Classify the structure of the neuron below. __

__A. Monopolar__ __B.Unipolar__ __C.Multipolar__ __D.Bipolar__ __E.Polypolar__

__75, John was driving to work and fell asleep at the red light. When the light turned green the lady in the car behind him blew her horn really loud and woke John up. What division of Johns nervous system is involved in this action?__


 * 1) __ Enteric Motor __
 * 2) __ Autonomic Motor __
 * 3) __ Somatic Sensory __
 * 4) __ Visceral Motor __

__76, The depolarization phase of an action potential is due to__.
 * 1) The opening of voltage- gated Calcium Channels
 * 2) The opening of voltage- gated Sodium Channels
 * 3) The closing of voltage- gated Calcium Channels
 * 4) None of the above

77, __is the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine into Acetyl COA and Choline.__


 * 1) Dopamine
 * 2) Adenosine
 * 3) Acetylcholinesterase

__78, Maegan slammed her hand in the door she suffered loss of sensation in her pinky finger and inability to abduct or adduct fingers what nerve was damaged?__


 * 1) Median Nerve
 * 2) Radial Nerve
 * 3) Ulnar Nerve
 * 4) Femoral Nerve

__79.) True or False: Most neuron in the CNS are bipolar neurons?__

__80.) True or False: The Cell body of a pyramidal cell is shaped like a__ __pyramid?__

__81.) True or False: Myelination increases the speed of nerve impulse__ __connection?__

__82.) True or False: Perception primarily occurs in the cerebral cortex?__

__83.) True or False: A stronger stimulus opens more mechanically__ __gated channels or ligand-gated channels than a weaker__ __stimulus?__ __84. what system is responsible for the source of thoughts, emotions, & memory ?__ __a. PNS__ __b.ANS__ __c.sns__ __d.ENS__ __85. in the CNS if there was necrotic tissue or a forien substance what type of cell would remove them ?__ __a.microglia__ __b.astrocytes__ __c.ependymal cell__ __d. schwann cell__ __86. T/F in a axon it contains a mitochondria, microtubles, &neurofibrils why is rough endoplasmic reticulum not present ?because protien synthesis does not occur in the axon__

__87.A patient taking Neurontin (an analouge of GABA) has relief from seizures because:__ __a. Neurontin opens chlorine channels causing hyperpolarization__ __b. Neurontin closed chlorine channels causing hyperpolarization__ __c. Neurontin causes EPSP's__ __d. None of the above__

__88.Medications that works as a re-uptake inhibitor such as some anti-depressents:__ __a. disallow nerve impulses from reaching the brain__ __b. disallow association neurons from deciphering a nerve impulse__ __c. allows neurotransmitters to linger longer in the synaptic cleft__ __d.allows neurotransmitters to fully absorb into the post-synaptic neuron__

__89. Calcium ions are concentrated in the ICF of cells.__ __a. true__ __b.false__

__90.__ _injuries are sometimes referred to as "Saturday Night Palsy" because injury to the radial nerve ofter occure when a person becomes intoxicated and hangs their arm over the back of a chair for too long of a period of time: a.Radial Nerve b.Ulnar nerve c.Medial nerve d. None of the above

91. While stapling his homework, a student accidently staples his finger. The type of summation that would occur would be an example of : a.Temporal Summation b.Spatial Summation c.Saltatory Summation d. None of the above

92. Sally has a disease in which cellular debris is not being removed from her nervous system. The most specific cell that is improperly functioning would be


 * 1) Macrophages
 * 2) Astrocytes
 * 3) Microglia
 * 4) Epindymal

93. T/F An infant’s response to stimulus is neither as rapid nor coordinated as those of an older child in part because myelination is still in progress of being developed during infancy.

94. Leakage gated channels have the highest permeability to which of the following?


 * 1) Na+
 * 2) K+
 * 3) Ca
 * 4) Ph

95. What channels respond in the form of vibration?


 * 1) leakage gated
 * 2) ligand gated
 * 3) mechanically gated
 * 4) voltage gated

96. Which ion channel is found in nearly all cells?


 * 1) Leakage gated
 * 2) Ligand gated
 * 3) Mechanically gated
 * 4) Voltage gated

97. Ms. Dyer, an 11th grade science teacher, noticed that one of her students Maria, had lately become the new sex talk around school of being an “Easy A.” She monitored her behavior in class, and noticed her had been fluctuating from to excellent to mediocre. She decided to shrug it off and figured these neuropathies were at high levels in her body? A. Substance P and Dynorphins B. Enkephalins and Endorphins C. Dynorphins and Angiotensin II D. Endorphins E. All the Above

98. Karlie contracted rabies ( a fatal disease caused by a virus that reaches CNS very rapidly)from a raccoon that was outside in her neighborhood. She experienced aggressiveness and madness, followed by paralysis and death. The rabies reached her CNS via slow axonal transport. A. True B. False

99. Kameron got into a motorcycle accident about 2 months ago. He is basically a “vegetable,” but he still has eye blinking movement, and a feeding tube. It is possible for him to eat, because the ENS is involuntary and functions independently outside of the ANS and CNS?

A. True B. False

100. Maddie was bullied everyday for the first two weeks of 5th grade. Everyday she would run from the school bus to her house. Finally one day, Maddie did not run off the bus, instead she waited for her bully, and they had a time of a fight. What internal feature of Maddie’s allowed her to do this? A. ANS/ Sympathetic Division B. ENS/ Brain of her gut feeling C. CNS/Sympathetic Division D. ANS/Parasympathetic Division

101. Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to A. Add a neurotransmitter B. Remove a neurotransmitter C. Inhibit a presynaptic potential D. Excite a presynaptic potential

102. What contains dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, neuronal cell bodies, and neuroglia? A. Satellite Cells B. Gray matter C. White Matter D. Merkel Cells 103.Someone is under the impression that they will be attacked. Which system will go into effect? 104. True or False. Motor functions are accomplished at both unconscious and conscious levels. 105. Which neuron is found around the spinal cord? 106. True or False. Schwann cells are the neuroglia of the PNS.
 * 1) somatic
 * 2) enteric
 * 3) autonomic
 * 1) bipolar
 * 2) unipolar
 * 3) multipolar

107. What will happen to the level of Ach if the levels of Calcium increases in the synaptic end bulb? A. increase B. decrease C. stays the same

108 The removal of a neurotransmitter through diffusion requires energy? A. True B. False

109. During the absolute refractory period

a. No action potential can be created during this period b. A stronger stimulus may cause another action potential c. The Membrane is at rest d. The membrane is depolarized e. None of the above

110. Unlike a chemical synapses, an electrical synapses


 * 1) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Is faster
 * 2) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Synchronizes more efficiently
 * 3) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Uses neurotransmitters to communicate
 * 4) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Uses high volt electricity
 * 5) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">a and b. are correct

111. Sensory neurons can be considered all of the following except


 * 1) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Unipolar
 * 2) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Afferent
 * 3) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Efferent
 * 4) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Part of the SNS
 * 5) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Part of the PNS

112. All of the following happen during an action potential except


 * 1) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">The cell rapidly becomes depolarized
 * 2) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">The threshold potential is reached
 * 3) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">The voltage of the membrane reaches +140mV
 * 4) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">After depolarization occurs hyperpolarization then occurs
 * 5) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">After hyperpolarization occurs a refractory period arises which is below the resting membrane potential

113. During an excitatory postsynaptic potential


 * 1) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Neurotransmitters open ligand gated channels that allow __**cations**__ into the postsynaptic neuron
 * 2) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">Neurotransmitters open ligand gated channels that allow __**anions**__ into the postsynaptic neuron
 * 3) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">The postsnaptic neurons becomes depolarized
 * 4) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">a and c are correct
 * 5) <span style="font: 12px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; lower-alpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; loweralpha: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">b and c and correct

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> 114. Which stimulus will open a Ligand-Gated Channel?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. Reading a juicy book <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">b. Taking Prozac <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">c. Listening to Rebirth Brass Band <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">d. No stimulus is needed

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> 115. When can a single stimulus initiate a 2nd action potential? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. When Voltage-gated Na+ channels are still open after inactivated K+ channels have returned to their resting state <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">b. When the voltage of the membrane remains at a constant -40mV for a period of 4 msc <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">c. When Voltage-gated K+ channels are still open after inactivated Na+ channels have returned to their resting state <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">d. A 2nd action potential cannot be initiated 116.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> If you touch a hot curling iron, which order of steps would your body go through to move your hand away from it? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. Motor Receptor, Motor Neuron, Integrating Center, Sensory Neuron, Effector <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">b. Integrating Center, Sensory Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Motor Neuron, Effector <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">c. Sensory Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Motor Neuron, Integrating Center, Effector <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">d. Sensory Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Integrating Center, Motor Neuron, Effector

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">117. Which factor does not determine a resting potential

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. Unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and Cytosol <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">b. Inability of most anions to leave the cell <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">c. Permeability of ion channels within the cell membrane <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">d. Electrogenic nature of the Na+/K+ ATPase 118. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Myelin <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. Is formed from oligodendrocytes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">b. Is formed from Schwann cells <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">c. Increases the speed of electrical impulses <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">d. B and C <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">e. All of the above

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">119. What are functional groups of neurons that process specific types of information? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A. Neural circuits <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B. Divergence <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">C.Simple Series circuit <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">D. Diverging Circuit <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">120.True/False Zyprexa® is a drug prescribed for schizophrenia. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A. True <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B. False

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. D 19. E 20. D 21. B 22.A 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. False 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. T 40. B 41. F 42,B 43.B 44. B 45. A 46.A 47.C 48.A 49. A 50. A 51.D 52.E 53.D 54.D 55C 56.B 57. A 58. B 59.C 60. D 61. B 62. A 63. A 64. A 65. D 66.B 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. A 71. D 72. D 73. A 74. B 75.C 76.B 77.C 78.C 79.) False (multipolar) 80.) True 81.) False (Conduction) 82.) True 83.) True 84. a 85.a 86. true 87.a 88.c 89. b 90.a. 91.a 92. c 93. T 94. B 95. C 96.A 97.B 98.B 99.A 100.A 101. B 102. B 108.B 109. A 110. E 111. C 112. C 113 D 114.b 115.c 116.d 117.c 118.e 119.A 120.A
 * 103. C**
 * 104. T**
 * 105. C**
 * 106 T**
 * 107.B**